Water System Operational Flexibility
Software Packages
Valuing Energy Flexibility from Water Systems
Interactive visualizations associated with the paper titled Valuing Energy Flexibility from Water Systems by Rao et al. (2024) are part of our broader research effort to understand the value of industrial flexibility for decarbonization.
Electric Emissions & Cost Optimizer (EECO)
A package for calculating electricity-related emissions and costs for optimization problem formulation and other computational analyses.
Incentive-based Demand Response Event Simulator
A flexible, parameterized demand response event generator that rigorously accounts for program structures and stochasticity.
Datasets
Electricity and Natural Gas Tariffs
The dataset includes facility metadata, electricity tariffs, and natural gas tariffs for the 100 largest wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the United States. Tariffs are current as of November 2021.
IDRoPP
The Incentive-based Demand Response Program Parameters are a data format and accompanying dataset that parametrizes IBDR programs across the United States.
Industrial Electricity Tariffs
Expanding on our previous WWTP tariff dataset, we have converted more than 5,000 electricity tariffs from the U.S. Utility Rate Database (USURDB) into our format, which is fully supported by the EEC package.
Flexibility-related Publications
Valuing Flexibility
- Rao, A. K., Bolorinos, J., Musabandesu, E., Chapin, F. T., & Mauter, M. S. (2024). Valuing energy flexibility from water systems. Nature Water, 2(10), 1028-1037. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00316-4
Other Flexibility-Related Publications
- Chapin, F., Wettermark, D., & Mauter, M. (2025). Load-Shifting Strategies for Cost-Effective Emission Reductions at Wastewater Facilities. Environmental Science & Technology, 59(4), 2285–2294. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c09773
- Rao, A., Atia, A., Knueven, B., & Mauter, M. (2024). Optimizing Desalination Operations for Energy Flexibility. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 12(42), 15696–15704. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c06353
- Bolorinos, J., Mauter, M., & Rajagopal, R. (2023). Integrated Energy Flexibility Management at Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(46), 18362–18371. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c00365
Citations for Software and Datasets
EECO
- Chapin, F. T., Rao, A. K., Sakthivelu, A., Wettermark, D., Musabandesu, E., Jaminet, A., Dudchenko, A. V., & Mauter, M. S. (2025). Electric Emissions & Cost Optimizer (EECO) (Version 0.1.0) [Computer software]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17042020
DR Simulator
- Sakthivelu, A., Chapin, F. T., Bolorinos, J., & Mauter, M. S. (2025). Demand Response Events Simulator (Version 0.4.0) [Computer software]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17089047
WWTP Energy Tariffs
- Chapin, F. T., Bolorinos, J., & Mauter, M. S. (2024). Electricity and natural gas tariffs at United States wastewater treatment plants. Scientific Data, 11(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02886-6
- Chapin, F., Bolorinos, J., & Mauter, M. (2023). Electricity and Natural Gas Rate Schedules at US Wastewater Treatment Plants [Data set]. figshare. http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6435578.v1
IDRoPP
- David, E., Sakthivelu, A., Rao, A. K., & Mauter, M. S. (2024). US incentive based demand response program parameters (Version 2) [Data set]. Stanford Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.25740/ck480bd0124
Industrial Electricity Tariffs
- Chapin, F. T., Rao, A. K., Sakthivelu, A., Chen, C. S., & Mauter, M. S. Industrial and Commercial Electricity Tariffs in the United States [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16739989
